Lesson Plan – Grammar: Active Voice and Passive Voice
Class: X
Subject: English Grammar
Topic: Active Voice and Passive Voice
Duration: 45–60 Minutes
1. Learning Objectives
The teacher expects the students to:
Understand the concepts of Active Voice and Passive Voice.
Differentiate between Active and Passive Voice.
Learn the rules for transforming sentences from Active to Passive Voice and vice versa.
Use appropriate voice in speaking and writing.
Improve grammatical accuracy and sentence construction skills.
2. Learning Outcomes
The teacher expects the students to:
| 1023 uses grammatical items as cues for reading comprehension such as tense, reported speech, conjunctions, and punctuation. | ||
| 1024 uses words according to the context and delineate it in speech and writing. |
Identify Active and Passive Voice in sentences.
Convert sentences accurately from Active Voice to Passive Voice.
Use Passive Voice appropriately in formal communication.
Develop better writing and comprehension skills.
Apply the knowledge of voice transformation in examinations and daily communication.
3. Introduction
The teacher introduces the lesson by asking:
Who wrote the letter?
Who cleaned the classroom?
Which sentence sounds better?
The students cleaned the classroom.
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
What is the difference between these two sentences?
Why do we sometimes focus on the action rather than the doer?
The teacher introduces the topic "Active Voice and Passive Voice."
4. Reading and Understanding
Definition
Active Voice
A sentence is in Active Voice when the subject performs the action.
Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Examples:
Ram writes a letter.
The teacher teaches English.
She sings a song.
Passive Voice
A sentence is in Passive Voice when the action is done to the subject.
Structure:
Object + Helping Verb + Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject
Examples:
A letter is written by Ram.
English is taught by the teacher.
A song is sung by her.
Rules for Changing Active Voice into Passive Voice
Rule 1
The object of the Active Voice becomes the subject of the Passive Voice.
Example:
Active: The boy kicks the ball.
Passive: The ball is kicked by the boy.
Rule 2
Use the appropriate form of the verb "be" according to the tense.
Rule 3
The main verb changes into its Past Participle (V3) form.
Rule 4
The subject is usually preceded by "by" in Passive Voice.
Voice Change Table
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| Simple Past | She wrote a letter. | A letter was written by her. |
| Simple Future | She will write a letter. | A letter will be written by her. |
| Present Continuous | She is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by her. |
| Past Continuous | She was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by her. |
| Present Perfect | She has written a letter. | A letter has been written by her. |
| Past Perfect | She had written a letter. | A letter had been written by her. |
| Future Perfect | She will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by her. |
Important Note
Only transitive verbs (verbs having objects) can be changed into Passive Voice.
Example:
Ravi eats an apple. ✔ (Can be changed)
Ravi sleeps. ✘ (Cannot be changed)
5. Mind Map
Active Voice and Passive Voice
ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
│
┌──────────────┴──────────────┐
│ │
Active Voice Passive Voice
│ │
Subject does action Subject receives action
│ │
S + V + O O + Be Verb + V3 + by + S
│ │
Focus on Doer Focus on Action
│ │
Used in Daily Speech Used in Reports,
Notices & Formal Writing
6. Consolidation and Presentation
Summary
Active Voice emphasizes the doer of the action, whereas Passive Voice emphasizes the action itself. In Active Voice, the subject performs the action. In Passive Voice, the subject receives the action. Voice transformation requires changing the object into the subject, using the appropriate form of "be," and changing the main verb into its past participle form.
7. Reinforcement
Additional Information
Personal Pronoun Changes
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| We | us |
| He | him |
| She | her |
| They | them |
| You | you |
| It | it |
Examples
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| The teacher praised the student. | The student was praised by the teacher. |
| They are building a bridge. | A bridge is being built by them. |
| The police arrested the thief. | The thief was arrested by the police. |
| Students will complete the project. | The project will be completed by the students. |
Uses of Passive Voice
Scientific reports
News reports
Formal writing
Notices and announcements
When the doer is unknown
Example:
My bicycle was stolen.
8. Evaluation
A. Lower Order Thinking Questions (LOT)
What is Active Voice?
What is Passive Voice?
Which form of the verb is used in Passive Voice?
B. Middle Order Thinking Questions (MOT)
Differentiate between Active Voice and Passive Voice.
Change the sentence "The boy writes a letter" into Passive Voice.
Why can't some sentences be changed into Passive Voice?
C. Higher Order Thinking Questions (HOT)
Why is Passive Voice commonly used in news reports and scientific writing?
Which voice is more effective in daily communication? Why?
Create a short paragraph using both Active and Passive Voice.
9. Remedial Teaching
Strategies for Slow Learners
Explain sentence structure using charts.
Teach one tense at a time.
Use colour coding for Subject, Verb, and Object.
Provide simple sentence conversion exercises.
Conduct pair work and peer learning activities.
Use flashcards showing Active and Passive structures.
Give additional worksheets for practice.
10. Writing
A. Change into Passive Voice
The teacher teaches English.
Ram wrote a letter.
They will clean the classroom.
She is reading a book.
The police arrested the thief.
B. Change into Active Voice
The match was won by our team.
The project has been completed by the students.
The road is being repaired by the workers.
A song was sung by her.
The prize will be awarded by the Principal.
C. Paragraph Writing
Write a paragraph (100 words) on:
"My School Annual Day"
Use at least three Active Voice and three Passive Voice sentences.
11. Follow-up
Homework
Learn the rules for changing Active Voice into Passive Voice.
Write five examples each of Active and Passive Voice.
Convert ten sentences from your textbook into Passive Voice.
Classroom Activities
Activity 1 – Voice Conversion Game
Students convert Active sentences into Passive sentences in groups.
Activity 2 – Grammar Relay
Teams compete to identify voice and convert sentences correctly.
Activity 3 – Newspaper Hunt
Students find Passive Voice sentences from newspapers and magazines.
Activity 4 – Pair Work
One student writes an Active sentence and the other converts it into Passive Voice.
Quick Reference Table
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| Subject performs action | Subject receives action |
| Subject + Verb + Object | Object + Be Verb + V3 + by + Subject |
| Focus on Doer | Focus on Action |
| Common in speech | Common in formal writing |
Real-Life Application
Understanding Active and Passive Voice helps students communicate effectively, improve writing skills, and perform better in examinations. Active Voice makes communication direct, while Passive Voice is useful when the action is more important than the doer. 📚✍️✅
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